Ultrasonography of Osteosarcoma in Dogs
Sonography Atlas of Dogs

Spectral trace from a German Shepherd dog with portal hypertension due to a pancreatic carcinoma

Different velocity profile retrieved from the same patient using the right angle correction (left) and the wrong one (right)

Pablo Gomez Ochoa, Delia Lacasta, Ivan Sosa, Manuel Gascon, Juan Jose Ramos and Luis Miguel Ferrer (2011). Foundamentals and Applications of Abdominal Doppler, Ultrasound Imaging - Medical Applications, Prof. Oleg Minin (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-279-1, InTech, DOI: 10.5772/20333. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/ultrasound-imaging-medical-applications/foundamentals-and-applications-of-abdominal-doppler

Figure 13: Tortuous vessels corresponding to nephro-splenic shunts in a dog with cirrhosis

Pablo Gomez Ochoa, Delia Lacasta, Ivan Sosa, Manuel Gascon, Juan Jose Ramos and Luis Miguel Ferrer (2011). Foundamentals and Applications of Abdominal Doppler, Ultrasound Imaging - Medical Applications, Prof. Oleg Minin (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-279-1, InTech, DOI: 10.5772/20333. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/ultrasound-imaging-medical-applications/foundamentals-and-applications-of-abdominal-doppler

Portal hypertension in a caval syndrome. The image shows the congestive liver, huge hepatic veins related to portal vessels.

Pablo Gomez Ochoa, Delia Lacasta, Ivan Sosa, Manuel Gascon, Juan Jose Ramos and Luis Miguel Ferrer (2011). Foundamentals and Applications of Abdominal Doppler, Ultrasound Imaging - Medical Applications, Prof. Oleg Minin (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-279-1, InTech, DOI: 10.5772/20333. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/ultrasound-imaging-medical-applications/foundamentals-and-applications-of-abdominal-doppler

a: Sonographic study of the liver. There is distention of the intrahepatic portal  vein  system. The cross-sectional diameter of the portal vein at the porta hepatis measured 0.92 cm. The diameter of the aorta at the level of the diaphragm measured IS 0.77 cm. The liver has a slightly patchy  echoic pattern. b: The walls of the hepatic veins are small,  hyperechoic, and thickened relative tothe intralobar  portal veins.

Cohn, L. A., Spaulding, K. A., Cullen, J. M., Bunch, S. E., Metcalf, M. R., Hardie, E. M., MacLachlan, N. J. and Breitschwerdt, E. B. (1991), Intrahepatic Postsinusoidal Venous Obstruction in a Dog. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 5: 317–321. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1991.tb03144.x

Ultrasonographic image of liver with engorged portal veins (PV) and hepatic veins (HV).

Kumar KS, Srikala D. "Ascites with right heart failure in a dog:diagnosis and management". www.scopemed.org/?mno=157163 [Access: September 23, 2016]. doi:10.5455/javar.2014.a15

Dorsal sonogram (2D) of liver depicting hypoechoic parenchyma with portal vessel dilatation in one-year-old mixed-breed dog.

Kumar V, Kumar A, Varshney AC, Tyagi SP, Kanwar MS, Sharma SK. Diagnostic Imaging of Canine Hepatobiliary Affections: A Review. Veterinary Medicine International. 2012;2012:672107. doi:10.1155/2012/672107.

Longitudinal sonogram (2D) of liver depicting hypoechoic parenchyma with marked portal vessel dilatation (subjective) in 5-year-old mixed-breed dog with significant spleenomegaly.

Kumar V, Kumar A, Varshney AC, Tyagi SP, Kanwar MS, Sharma SK. Diagnostic Imaging of Canine Hepatobiliary Affections: A Review. Veterinary Medicine International. 2012;2012:672107. doi:10.1155/2012/672107.

The transverse view of normal canine porta hepatis. Three major vessels in a dorsoventral direction are abdominal aorta (AO), the most dorsal structure, caudal vena cava (CVC) view at margin of the liver and the portal vein (POV) located ventrally (dorsal is to the left, ventral is to the right, and medial is to the bottom).

WICKRAMASEKARA RAJAPAKSHAGE, B. K., ELLEARAEWE GARUHAMILAGE, J. P. K., DE SILVA, D. D. N., & DANGOLLA, A. (2016). "Dimensional ultrasonographic relationship of the right lobe of pancreas with associated anatomic landmarks in clinically normal dogs". http://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.15-0209